… If the protein-folding defect is not corrected, cells undergo apoptosis (light-blue … protein
kinase that phosphorylates the α subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in response to ER …

… the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signal transduction pathway that senses the fidelity
of protein folding in the ER lumen. The UPR transmits information about protein folding status …

… When protein folding in the ER is inhibited, signal transduction pathways, which increase …
the unfolded protein response (UPR). In this review, we briefly summarize principles of protein …

… As our understanding of ER protein-folding pathways and the mechanisms of UPR signaling
of adaptive and apoptotic responses has grown, so has the significance of their impact on …

… proteins in the ER. To maintain ER homeostasis, eukaryotic cells have evolved the unfolded
protein response (… , oxidative stress, and inflammatory response pathways. The UPR has …

… response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Three major stress sensors control
UPR-dependent responses: inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), protein kinase … proteins …

… cells and that the cellular responses to destroy the damaged … response pathways, including
the unfolded protein response … maturation of secretory-pathway proteins 1 . Many aspects of …

… protein folding by an inbuilt quality control system involving both the ER and the Golgi apparatus.
Unfolded or misfolded proteins … proteins can also trigger the unfolded protein response (…

… protein-folding capacity is not overwhelmed. These pathways, collectively termed the unfolded
protein response (… , elevated secretory protein synthesis, expression of misfolded proteins, …

… proteins disrupts protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causes ER stress, and
activates a signaling network called the unfolded protein response … secreted proteins. Here we …