Bacteria live in habitats of frequently changing conditions and have evolved very
sophisticated responses to adapt to environmental changes. These responses most …

A remarkable feature of bacteria is their ability to respond to environmental stimuli and to
adapt to changing environmental conditions. Rapid adaptation is achieved by switching on …

Gene expression in bacteria relies on promoter recognition by the DNA-dependent RNA
polymerase and subsequent transcription initiation. Bacterial cells are able to tune their …

Transcriptional repressors are usually viewed as proteins that bind to promoters in a way
that impedes subsequent binding of RNA polymerase. Although this repression mechanism …

Early work identified two promoter regions, the− 10 and− 35 elements, that interact
sequence specifically with bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). However, we now know that …

Activation of the transcription of genes is central to many processes of adaptation and
differentiation in bacteria. Here, I review the molecular mechanisms by which transcription …

Bacteria use a variety of mechanisms to direct RNA polymerase to specific promoters in
order to activate transcription in response to growth signals or environmental cues …

Transcription termination is a dynamic process and is subject to control at a number of
levels. New information about the molecular mechanisms of transcription elongation and …

The fitness of an individual bacterial cell is highly dependent upon the temporal tuning of
gene expression levels when subjected to different environmental cues. Kinetic regulation of …

Bacteria use their genetic material with great effectiveness to make the right products in the
correct amounts at the appropriate time. Studying bacterial transcription initiation in …