The phylogenetic relationships of notoungulates, an extinct group of predominantly South
American herbivores, remain poorly resolved with respect to both other placental mammals …

We provide the first detailed description of the inner ear of a notoungulate, an extinct group
of endemic South American placental mammals, based on a three‐dimensional …

We present new anatomical details about the bony labyrinth of Protungulatum based on
micro CT-scan investigation of an isolated petrosal bone retrieved at the Puercan locality of …

The ear region of mammals has long been considered as morphologically very conservative
and accordingly, phylogenetically useful. In this study, the anatomy of the petrosal and bony …

The monophyletic clade Monotremata branches early from the rest of the mammalian crown
group in the Jurassic and members of this clade retain many ancestral mammalian traits …

The shape of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear was quantified using geometric
morphometrics in a sample of 16 species of living marsupial diprotodontians, the extinct …

Cranial endocasts are one of the most direct tools available to obtain information about the
endocranial cavity of fossil mammals, but few anatomical comparisons have analyzed …

The Notoungulata is the richest order of South American endemic placentals, but
phylogenetic relationships within this order are unclear. This work provides short …

The bony labyrinth provides a proxy for the morphology of the inner ear, a primary cognitive
organ involved in hearing, body perception in space, and balance in vertebrates. Bony …

Ontogeny, or the development of an individual from conception to death, is a major source of
variation in vertebrate morphology. All anatomical systems are affected by ontogeny, and …