Mucosal surfaces are a major portal of entry for many human pathogens that are the cause
of infectious diseases worldwide. Vaccines capable of eliciting mucosal immune responses …

Mucosal immunization has potential benefits over conventional parenteral immunization,
eliciting immune defense in both mucosal and systemic tissue for protecting from pathogen …

Mucosal immune responses are the first‐line defensive mechanisms against a variety of
infections. Therefore, immunizations of mucosal surfaces from which majority of infectious …

A majority of infectious microorganisms either colonize or cross mucosal surfaces to enter
the host. A major goal in vaccine design is to induce a protective, lasting immune response …

Mucosal surfaces are the major entrance for infectious pathogens and therefore mucosal
immune responses serve as a first line of defence. Most current immunization procedures …

Mucosal surfaces are the interface between the host's internal milieu and the external
environment, and they have dual functions, serving as physical barriers to foreign antigens …

Proper stimulation of the mucosal immune system is critical for the effective protection of
mucosal surfaces against colonization and invasion of infectious agents. This requires …

Vaccination is the most successful immunological practice that improves the quality of
human life and health. Vaccine materials include antigens of pathogens and adjuvants …

It has long been known that protection against pathogens invading the organism via
mucosal surfaces correlates better with the presence of specific antibodies in local …

The mucosal surface is the largest route through which pathogens enter the human body. To
control the outbreak of mucosal infectious diseases, we must use our knowledge of the …