Exposure to cigarette smoke is emerging as an environmental risk factor for multiple
sclerosis (MS). We investigated the possible association between environmental tobacco …

Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has become a disease that represents a tremendous
burden on patients, families, and societies. The exact etiology of MS is still unclear, but it is …

Background Despite our awareness of the significant effect of smoking on multiple sclerosis
(MS), there was a serious lack of information about the effect of different types of smoking …

Aims: We aimed to study the smoking habits of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their
healthy siblings in Isfahan province in Iran. Methods: MS patients registered with the Isfahan …

Background: Tobacco smoking has consistently been associated with increased risk for
multiple sclerosis. However, data has been inconsistent regarding the influence of passive …

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking seems to contribute to susceptibility and progression of
multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the incidence of MS in Iranian population has increased …

Tobacco smoke is an important modifiable environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis
(MS) risk. The population attributable fraction (AF) of MS due to smoking can be used to …

Genetic factors partially explain the susceptibility of multiple sclerosis (MS) and might even
relate to the clinical course. Still, many epidemiological studies point at an important role for …

Several case control studies have probed a link between cigarette smoking and subsequent
multiple sclerosis (MS). Data collection and statistical methods have varied, and frequently …

Importance Cigarette smoking is a common environmental exposure and addiction, which
has severe health consequences. Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS); also …