Objective Stress and increased glucocorticoid levels are associated with many
neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and depression. Recently, the role of …

The Akt signaling pathway involves various cellular processes and depends on extracellular
stimuli. Since Akt signaling participates in cytoprotection, synapse plasticity, axon extension …

Background Chronic stress exposure causes neuronal atrophy and synaptic deficits in the
medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), contributing to development of anxiety-and depressive-like …

The anticonvulsant drug lamotrigine has been shown to produce strong antidepressant
effects in the treatment of bipolar disorder patients. Our previous studies have demonstrated …

Molecular abnormalities within the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stress signaling pathway
may confer, or reflect, susceptibility to stress in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but the …

Stress is the major epigenetic factor that contributes to the etiology, pathophysiology, and
treatment out-come of most psychiatric disorders. Understanding the mechanisms by which …

Synaptic deficits and neuronal dystrophy in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are linked to
behavioral and cognitive symptoms in depressed individuals. Preclinical studies indicate …

Major depression is thought to originate from the interaction between susceptibility genes
and adverse environmental events, in particular stress. The hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal …

Background Psychological stress, particularly in chronic form, can lead to mood and
cognitive dysfunction and is a major risk factor in the development of depressive states. How …

Throughout life, we are exposed to a variety of stresses, which may be inevitable and
noxious sometimes. During evolution, animals must have acquired some physiological …