Remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a metabolic adaptation accompanying
inflammatory macrophage activation. During this process, endogenous metabolites can …

Following activation, macrophages undergo extensive metabolic rewiring,. Production of
itaconate through the inducible enzyme IRG1 is a key hallmark of this process. Itaconate …

Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic
reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming …

Metabolic reprogramming is emerging as a hallmark of the innate immune response, and
the dynamic control of metabolites such as succinate serves to facilitate the execution of …

Activated macrophages switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, similar
to the Warburg effect, presenting a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disease. The …

Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity as the first line of defense against
pathogen infection. Upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, macrophages rapidly respond …

Although the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of itaconate have been
studied extensively, it is not known whether its naturally occurring isomers mesaconate and …

With advances in immunometabolic studies, more and more evidence has shown that
metabolic changes profoundly affect the immune function of macrophages. The tricarboxylic …

Upon stimulation with Th1 cytokines or bacterial lipopolysaccharides, resting macrophages
shift their phenotype toward a pro-inflammatory state as part of the innate immune response …

Itaconate is a nonamino organic acid exhibiting antimicrobial effects. It has been recently
identified in cells of macrophage lineage as a product of an enzyme encoded by …