Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, and it
exhibits resistance to common breast cancer therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) …

There is an exponentially growing interest in targeting immune checkpoint molecules in
breast cancer (BC), particularly in the triple-negative subtype where unmet treatment needs …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is heterogeneous cancer with poor prognosis among
the other breast tumors. Rapid recurrence and increased progression rate could be reasons …

Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women. With the
improvement of medical treatment, breast cancer has become one of the solid tumors with …

Triple negative breast cancer patients have a poor course of disease not least because of
limited treatment options however immunotherapy by targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint …

Background Immune checkpoint regulators, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and
the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) have …

Advances in cancer immunotherapy and a growing body of research have focused on the
role of the antitumor response in breast cancer. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of clinically significant
levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth …

Background “Avoiding immune destruction” has recently been established as one of the
hallmarks of cancer. The programmed cell death (PD)-1/programmed cell death-ligand (PD …

Maintaining the balance between eliciting immune responses against foreign proteins and
tolerating self-proteins is crucial for maintenance of homeostasis. The functions of …