Individual variation in behaviour within populations may be explained in part by
demographics and long-term, stable individual psychological differences. We examined the …

The boldness of individual Brachyrhaphis episcopi, collected from regions of high and low
predation, was investigated using two independent assays:(1) the time to emerge from cover …

Explaining consistent variation in the behaviour of individuals in terms of personality
differences is one of the cornerstones of understanding human behaviour but is seldom …

Consistent differences in human behaviour are often explained with reference to personality
traits. Recent evidence suggests that similar traits are widespread across the entire animal …

Aggression is often positively correlated with other behavioural traits such as boldness and
activity levels. Comparisons across populations can help to determine factors that promote …

Predation is a strong selective force in most natural systems, potentially fueling evolutionary
changes in prey morphology, life history and behaviour. Recent work has suggested that …

Two temperament traits, tendency to explore and activity level, were measured in a tropical
poeciliid fish, the Panamanian bishop Brachyrhaphis episcopi. Open‐field arena tests were …

Behavioral variation has been documented both between and within populations in a variety
of traits. Many of these behavioral traits are phenotypically plastic and are conditional on the …

Although the existence of different personality traits within and between animal populations
has been relatively well established, the ecological implications of this variation remain …

In recent years, evidence for interindividual variation in “personality” within animal
populations has been accumulating. Personality is defined as consistency in an individual's …