The central function of the striatum and its dopaminergic (DA) afference in motor control and
integration of cognitive and emotional processes is commonly explained by the two striatal …

Smooth execution of voluntary movement depends upon activity within the basal ganglia
and its modulation by dopamine (DA)(Zhou and Palmiter, 1995; Groenewegen, 2003). In …

Dopamine (DA) profoundly stimulates motor function as demonstrated by the hypokinetic
motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and by the hyperkinetic motor side effects …

In the basal ganglia (BG), dopamine plays a pivotal role in motor control, and dopamine
deficiency results in severe motor dysfunctions as seen in Parkinson's disease. According to …

The classic output pathways of the basal ganglia are known as the direct-D1 and indirect-
D2, or Go/No-Go, pathways. Balance of the activity in these canonical direct-indirect …

Dopamine (DA) is required for motor function in vertebrate animals including humans. The
striatum, a key motor control center, receives a dense DA innervation and express high …

Substantia nigra dopamine neurons have been implicated in the initiation and invigoration
of movement, presumably through their modulation of striatal projection neuron (SPN) …

Dopaminergic modulation is essential for the control of voluntary movement; however, the
role of dopamine in regulating the neural excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) is not …

Stimulation of dopamine (DA) receptors in the striatum is essential for voluntary motor
activity and for the generation of plasticity at corticostriatal synapses. In the present study …

The striatum, the major input structure of the basal ganglia, is critically involved in motor
control and learning of habits and skills, and is also involved in motivational and reward …