During listening to music, the brain expects specific acoustic events based on learned
musical rules. During music performance expectancy is additionally created based on motor …

Musicians are highly trained motor experts with pronounced associations between musical
actions and the corresponding auditory effects. However, the importance of auditory …

Objective. Polyphonic music (music consisting of several instruments playing in parallel) is
an intuitive way of embedding multiple information streams. The different instruments in a …

Previous studies have evidenced how the local prediction of physical stimulus features may
affect the neural processing of incoming stimuli. Less known are the effects of cognitive …

This study investigates the effects of music training on brain activity to violations of melodic
expectancies. We recorded behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) responses of …

We use a machine-learning approach to extend existing averaging-based ERP research on
brain representations of tonal expectation, particularly for cadential events. We introduce …

Theories of predictive processing propose that prediction error responses are modulated by
precision. While there is some evidence for this phenomenon in the visual and, to some …

Auditory prediction error responses elicited by surprising sounds can be reliably recorded
with musical stimuli that are more complex and realistic than those typically employed in …

Learning, attention and action play a crucial role in determining how stimulus predictions are
formed, stored, and updated. Years-long experience with the specific repertoires of sounds …

1. Background It is known that knowledge of regularities can intuitively be used to flexibly
generate appropriate actions depending on the demands of the current context [1, 2]. While …