Crystal structure of a ternary FGF-FGFR-heparin complex reveals a dual role for heparin in FGFR binding and dimerization

J Schlessinger, AN Plotnikov, OA Ibrahimi… - Molecular cell, 2000 - cell.com
The crystal structure of a dimeric 2: 2: 2 FGF: FGFR: heparin ternary complex at 3 Å
resolution has been determined. Within each 1: 1 FGF: FGFR complex, heparin makes …

Diversity does make a difference: fibroblast growth factor-heparin interactions

S Faham, RJ Linhardt, DC Rees - Current opinion in structural biology, 1998 - Elsevier
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are members of a protein family with a broad range of
biological activities. The best characterized FGFs interact with two distinct extracellular …

Role of heparan sulfate in fibroblast growth factor signalling: a structural view

L Pellegrini - Current opinion in structural biology, 2001 - Elsevier
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are among the best-studied heparin-binding proteins, and
heparan sulfate proteoglycans regulate FGF signalling by direct molecular association with …

Towards a resolution of the stoichiometry of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)–FGF receptor–heparin complex

NJ Harmer, LL Ilag, B Mulloy, L Pellegrini… - Journal of molecular …, 2004 - Elsevier
The 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have been implicated in cell
proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. They are required for both development …

Structural specificity of heparin binding in the fibroblast growth factor family of proteins

R Raman, G Venkataraman, S Ernst… - Proceedings of the …, 2003 - National Acad Sciences
Heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) mediate a wide variety of
complex biological processes by specifically binding proteins and modulating their …

Insights into the role of heparan sulphate in fibroblast growth factor signalling

NJ Harmer - Biochemical Society Transactions, 2006 - portlandpress.com
Signalling from the FGFs (fibroblast growth factors) is crucial for the correct development and
homoeostasis of a wide range of cells and tissues. The FGF/FGFR (FGF receptor) signalling …

Fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 interact differently with heparin/heparan sulfate: implications for dynamic assembly of a ternary signaling complex

AK Powell, DG Fernig, JE Turnbull - Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2002 - ASBMB
Heparan sulfate (HS) regulates the kinetics of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-stimulated
intracellular signaling and differentially activates cell proliferation of cells expressing …

Heparin-induced oligomerization of FGF molecules is responsible for FGF receptor dimerization, activation, and cell proliferation

T Spivak-Kroizman, MA Lemmon, I Dikic, JE Ladbury… - Cell, 1994 - cell.com
Heparin is required for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) stimulation of biological responses.
Using isothermal titration lorimetry, we show that acidic FGF (aFGF) forms a complex with …

Distinct role of 2-O-, N-, and 6-O-sulfate groups of heparin in the formation of the ternary complex with basic fibroblast growth factor and soluble FGF receptor-1

M Rusnati, D Coltrini, P Caccia, P Dellera… - Biochemical and …, 1994 - Elsevier
Interaction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) with heparan sulfate proteoglycans
(HSPGs) plays an important role in the binding of bFGF to its tyrosine kinase receptor …

Cooperative dimerization of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) upon a single heparin saccharide may drive the formation of 2: 2: 1 FGF1· FGFR2c· heparin ternary …

CJ Robinson, NJ Harmer, SJ Goodger… - Journal of biological …, 2005 - ASBMB
The related glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate are essential for the activity of
the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family as they form an integral part of the signaling …