Aims Hypogonadism is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the
cardiovascular impact of hypogonadism during development is unknown. Using …

Background Hypospadias (aberrant opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis)
occurs in 1 per 300 newborn boys. It has been previously unknown whether this common …

BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external
genitalia. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, which is probably a mix of monogenic …

Hypospadias is the second most common genital anomaly in children. The etiology of
hypospadias remains unknown in the overwhelming majority of patients. Herein, I review the …

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The various phenotypes of
hypospadias may result from disturbances of dissimilar embryonic processes in different …

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital defects in humans. The molecular
events required in the genitourinary tract for normal development of the external genitalia …

BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested an association between paternal subfertility
and hypospadias among their sons, although the association has not been systematically …

Objective Hypospadias is a congenital defect, which affects normal development of the male
urogenital external tract. In this malformation, the urethral orifice of the penis is positioned …

OBJECTIVE: The blood supply of the hypospadiac prepuce is crucial for success in surgery.
Although the vascular anatomy of the hypospadiac prepuce has been previously …

Background The aberrant expression of genes involved in androgen metabolism and
genetic contribution are unclear in hypospadias. Methods We compared gene expression …