Purpose Adjuvants are required to ensure the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Incorporating
molecular immunopotentiators within particles could overcome drawbacks of molecular …

The development of vaccines that generate mixed humoral and cellular immune responses
is a challenge in vaccinology. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres are vaccine …

Microparticle-based vaccine delivery systems are known to promote enhanced immune
responses to protein antigens and can elicit TH 1-biased responses when used in …

Polymeric nano/microparticles as vaccine adjuvants have been researched in experimental
and clinical studies. A more profound understanding of how the physicochemical properties …

Nanoparticles are increasingly used to adjuvant vaccine formulations due to their
biocompatibility, ease of manufacture and the opportunity to tailor their size, shape, and …

The development of effective subunit vaccines relies on the incorporation of adjuvants to
enhance immune responses and improve vaccine efficacy. This paper provides a …

The most common influenza vaccines are inactivated viruses produced in chicken eggs,
which is a time-consuming production method with variable efficacy due to mismatches of …

Modern subunit vaccines have many benefits compared to live vaccines such as convenient
and competitive large scale production, better reproducibility and safety. However, the poor …

Recombinant viral subunit-based vaccines have gained increasing attention due to their
enhanced safety over the classic live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines. The low …

Vaccination is considered one of the major milestones in modern medicine, facilitating the
control and eradication of life‐threatening infectious diseases. Vaccine adjuvants are a key …