Variant surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum and their roles in severe malaria

M Wahlgren, S Goel, RR Akhouri - Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2017 - nature.com
Proliferation and differentiation inside erythrocytes are important steps in the life cycle of
Plasmodium spp. To achieve these, the parasites export polypeptides to the surface of …

Antigenic Variation in Plasmodium falciparum: Gene Organization and Regulation of the var Multigene Family

SA Kyes, SM Kraemer, JD Smith - Eukaryotic cell, 2007 - Am Soc Microbiol
Plasmodium falciparum imposes an enormous burden upon the developing world, with 300
to 500 million cases and 1 to 2 million deaths per year (94). Despite extensive research …

[HTML][HTML] Expression of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in experimentally infected humans

T Lavstsen, P Magistrado, CC Hermsen, A Salanti… - Malaria Journal, 2005 - Springer
Background Parasites causing severe malaria in non-immune patients express a restricted
subset of variant surface antigens (VSA), which are better recognized by immune sera than …

[HTML][HTML] A comparative study of the localization and membrane topology of members of the RIFIN, STEVOR and Pf MC-2TM protein families in Plasmodium falciparum …

A Bachmann, JAM Scholz, M Janßen, MQ Klinkert… - Malaria journal, 2015 - Springer
Background Variant surface antigens (VSA) exposed on the membrane of Plasmodium
falciparum infected erythrocytes mediate immune evasion and are important pathogenicity …

Small, Clonally Variant Antigens Expressed on the Surface of the Plasmodium falciparum–Infected Erythrocyte Are Encoded by the rif Gene Family and Are the …

V Fernandez, M Hommel, Q Chen, P Hagblom… - The Journal of …, 1999 - rupress.org
Disease severity in Plasmodium falciparum infections is a direct consequence of the
parasite's efficient evasion of the defense mechanisms of the human host. To date, one …

[HTML][HTML] The Plasmodium falciparum STEVOR Multigene Family Mediates Antigenic Variation of the Infected Erythrocyte

M Niang, X Yan Yam, PR Preiser - PLoS pathogens, 2009 - journals.plos.org
Modifications of the Plasmodium falciparum–infected red blood cell (iRBC) surface have
been linked to parasite-associated pathology. Such modifications enable the parasite to …

Common trafficking pathway for variant antigens destined for the surface of the Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte

M Haeggström, F Kironde, K Berzins, Q Chen… - Molecular and …, 2004 - Elsevier
Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum exports proteins to the cytosol and to the plasma
membrane of the host cell. We here present data revealing the existence of a unique …

[HTML][HTML] Surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes as immune targets and malaria vaccine candidates

JA Chan, FJI Fowkes, JG Beeson - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2014 - Springer
Understanding the targets and mechanisms of human immunity to malaria caused by
Plasmodium falciparum is crucial for advancing effective vaccines and developing tools for …

Evidence for the importance of genetic structuring to the structural and functional specialization of the Plasmodium falciparum var gene family

SM Kraemer, JD Smith - Molecular microbiology, 2003 - Wiley Online Library
The var gene family encodes Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane 1 (PfEMP1)
proteins that act as virulence factors responsible for both antigenic variation and …

A family affair: var genes, PfEMP1 binding, and malaria disease

SM Kraemer, JD Smith - Current opinion in microbiology, 2006 - Elsevier
An immunovariant adhesion protein family in Plasmodium falciparum named erythrocyte
membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), encoded by var genes, is responsible for both antigenic …