Over the past decade, data collected in our laboratory have demonstrated that self-
administered cocaine produces Opponent-Process-like behavioral effects. Animals running …

Rationale Acute cocaine administration produces an initial rewarding state followed by a
dysphoric/anxiogenic “crash.” Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether …

Male albino rats were trained to traverse a straight alley for a reward of five intravenous
injections of cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/injection in a volume of 0.1 ml/injection delivered over 4 s) …

Rats allowed extended daily access (6 h) to cocaine, consume high doses of the drug and
escalate their cocaine intake over days, resembling the pattern of cocaine use seen in …

Cocaine is a potent stimulant drug, but its stimulant effects can be substantially modulated
by environmental novelty versus familiarity. In this report, we varied exposures to a novel …

Cues in the environment associated with drug use draw the attention of addicts, elicit
approach, and motivate drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior, making abstinence difficult …

It has been asserted that any comprehensive understanding of cocaine abuse and its
treatment will require attention to both behavioral and pharmacological variables. Although …

A progressive increase in the frequency and intensity of drug use is one of the major
behavioural phenomena characterizing the development of addiction. The nature of the drug …

Cocaine has been shown to produce both initial rewarding and delayed anxiogenic effects.
Although the neurobiology of cocaine's rewarding effects has been well studied, the …

Rationale In addition to its rewarding actions, cocaine has profound negative effects that are
unmasked as the rewarding impact of the drug fades. While much is known about the …