The endogenous metabolite itaconate has recently emerged as a regulator of macrophage
function, but its precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood,,. Here we show …

Metabolic regulation has been recognized as a powerful principle guiding immune
responses. Inflammatory macrophages undergo extensive metabolic rewiring marked by the …

Following activation, macrophages undergo extensive metabolic rewiring,. Production of
itaconate through the inducible enzyme IRG1 is a key hallmark of this process. Itaconate …

NF-κB is a critical activator of genes involved in inflammation and immunity 1, 2. Pro-
inflammatory cytokines activate the IκB kinase (IKK) complex that phosphorylates the NF-κB …

Since its discovery in inflammatory macrophages, itaconate has attracted much attention
due to its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity,–. However, instead of investigating …

The innate immune response is essential for combating infectious disease. Macrophages
and other cells respond to infection by releasing cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) …

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes cardiopulmonary mortality via macrophage-
driven lung inflammation; however, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. RNA …

Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic
reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming …

Although the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of itaconate have been
studied extensively, it is not known whether its naturally occurring isomers mesaconate and …

Inflammation and innate immunity involve signalling pathways leading to the production of
inflammatory mediators. Usually such responses are self-limiting, but aberrant resolution of …