Abstract Purpose: By 2006, women constituted 34% of academic medical faculty, reaching a
critical mass. Theoretically, with critical mass, culture and policy supportive of gender equity …

Background: Women represent a persistently low proportion of faculty in senior and
leadership roles in medical schools, despite an adequate pipeline. Objectives: This article …

Background: Women have entered academic medicine in significant numbers for 4 decades
and now comprise 20% of full-time faculty. Despite this, women have not reached senior …

Objective Greater numbers of women in medicine have not resulted in more women
achieving senior positions. Programs supporting the recruitment, promotion, and retention of …

The term “glass ceiling” refers to women's lack of advancement into leadership positions
despite no visible barriers. The term has been applied to academic medicine for over a …

Background: Research on barriers to professional advancement for women in academic
medicine has not adequately considered the role of environmental factors and how the …

Over the past 25 years, the number of women graduating from medical schools in the United
States and Canada has increased dramatically to the point where roughly equal numbers of …

Background: Concurrent with the evolving role of the department chair in academic
medicine is the entry of women physicians into chair positions. Because implicit biases that …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Energized and productive faculty are critical to academic
medicine, yet studies indicate a lack of advancement and senior roles for women …

Women are persistently underrepresented in the higher levels of academic administration
despite the fact that they have been entering the medical profession in increasing numbers …