Context: Sex hormone fluctuations have been implicated as a contributing factor to the high
rates of noncontact injury to the anterior cruciate ligament in females. Objective: To …

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the concentrations of
testosterone, 17-β estradiol and progesterone between female patients with and without …

Female athletes incur anterior cruciate ligament ruptures at a rate at least twice that of male
athletes. Hypothesized factors for the increased injury risk in females include biomechanical …

Background Rates of musculoskeletal injury differ substantially between the genders, with
females more likely to experience conditions such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) …

Purpose Hormonal fluctuations are one potential reason why females might have a greater
rate of noncontact ACL injury. The hamstrings are capable of limiting anterior cruciate …

Background: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often requires surgery and
extensive rehabilitation. Women who participate in collegiate sports and military drills are …

The high risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes may be related to
hormonal fluctuations resulting in an increased laxity of ligaments and muscles. This study …

Objective: To determine if anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes occur
randomly or correlate with a specific phase of the menstrual cycle. Design and Setting …

Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates are four to eight times higher in women than in men.
Because of estrogen's direct effect on collagen metabolism and behavior and because …

Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are more common among female
athletes compared to male athletes. Several studies have been reported to explain the …