We investigated the effects of water swallowing, pharyngeal stimulation, and oropharyngeal
anesthesia on corticobulbar and craniobulbar projections to human swallowing …

Animal data indicate that cortical swallowing pathways can be modulated by cranial nerve
afferent stimulation. We therefore studied the effects of human trigeminal and vagal nerve …

Faucial pillar (FP) stimulation is commonly used in swallowing rehabilitation, yet its
physiological basis remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of intraoral FP stimulation …

This study in three dogs explores the effect of magnetically induced electrical stimulation of
the brain to induce swallowing and produce contraction of the upper esophageal sphincter …

Objective: Pharyngeal stimulation can induce remarkable increases in the excitability of
swallowing motor cortex, which is associated with short-term improvements in swallowing …

Background Previous reports have revealed that excitation of human pharyngeal motor
cortex can be induced by pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) and swallowing …

1 Transcranial magnetic stimulation over motor areas of cerebral cortex in man can activate
short latency bilateral cortical projections to the pharynx and oesophagus. In the present …

We have previously documented increased amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs)
from the submental muscles during volitional swallowing following simultaneous odor and …

Laryngeal sensori-motor closure reflexes are important for the protection of the airway and
prevent the entry of foreign substances into the trachea and lungs. The purpose of this study …

Inhibitory patterns of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) were applied to
pharyngeal motor cortex in order to establish its role in modulating swallowing activity and …