Recent advances in optogenetics have improved the precision with which defined circuit
elements can be controlled optically in freely moving mammals; in particular, recombinase …

Controlling neural circuits is a powerful approach to uncover a causal link between neural
activity and behaviour. Optogenetics has been widely adopted by the neuroscience …

Electrical neurostimulation is effective in the treatment of neurological disorders, but
associated recording artefacts generally limit its applications to open-loop stimuli. Real-time …

Highlights•State-of the art approaches to implement optogenetics in mammals.•Application
principles of optogenetic strategies in freely moving animals.•All-optical approaches …

To enable sophisticated optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits throughout the nervous
system with limited disruption of animal behavior, light-delivery systems beyond fiber optic …

Neuronal control with high temporal precision is possible with optogenetics, yet currently
available methods do not enable to control independently multiple locations in the brains of …

Elucidation of the neural substrates underlying complex animal behaviors depends on
precise activity control tools, as well as compatible readout methods. Recent developments …

The nonhuman primate brain, the model system closest to the human brain, plays a critical
role in our understanding of neural computation, cognition, and behavior. The continued …

Studying brain function and its local circuit dynamics requires neural interfaces that can
record and stimulate the brain with high spatiotemporal resolution. Optogenetics, a …

In vivo optogenetic strategies have redefined our ability to assay how neural circuits govern
behavior. Although acutely implanted optical fibers have previously been used in such …