Background Psoriasis is a T cell–mediated autoimmune skin disease. Accumulating
evidence has demonstrated that co-inhibitory receptors (CIRs) play a vital role in regulating …

The imbalance between regulatory T (Treg) cells and efficient T cells plays an important role
in psoriasis. Low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 can preferentially activate Treg cells and ameliorate …

Infliximab is an anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α antibody drug that suppresses TNF‐α and
its associated inflammatory responses. Although infliximab therapy generally results in a …

TNF-α has a central role in the development and maintenance of psoriatic plaques, and its
serum levels correlate with disease activity. Anti-TNF-α drugs are, however, ineffective in a …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and
anti-TNF therapeutics are used in the treatment of psoriasis in the clinic. However …

Background T‐cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), a co‐inhibitory receptor,
suppresses CD4+ T‐cell responses by triggering CD155. TIGIT shifts the balance of …

Dysfunctional regulatory T lymphocytes are important for the pathogenesis of psoriasis and
atherosclerosis. We analyzed the severity of atherosclerosis and the concentration of …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a key part of the innate immune system that detect pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of microorganisms and their stimulation results in …

Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease manifesting in the
skin, joint or both. Co-signaling molecules are essential for determining the magnitude of the …

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated, hyperproliferative inflammatory skin
disease. The role of the adaptive immune system, particularly of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes …