Highlights•Epithelial hypoxia drives anaerobiosis to maintain dominance of obligate
anaerobes.•Increased epithelial oxygenation disrupts anaerobiosis in the large …

The bacterial microbiota of the human large bowel is a complex ecosystem consisting of
several hundred, mostly anaerobic, species. To maintain colonization of the gut lumen and …

Recent advances in sequencing techniques, applied to the study of microbial communities,
have provided compelling evidence that the mammalian intestinal tract harbors a complex …

Highlights•Diverse enteric pathogens often induce significant perturbations to the microbiota
or thrive during dysbiosis.•Infection-associated dysbiosis is commonly characterized by …

Gut dysbiosis is associated with many non-communicable human diseases, but the
mechanisms maintaining homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Recent insights …

Our intestine is host to a large microbial community (microbiota) that educates the immune
system and confers niche protection. Profiling of the gut‐associated microbial community …

The large intestine is host to a complex ecological community composed predominantly of
obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to the classes B acteroidia and C lostridia. This …

BACKGROUND An imbalance in the colonic microbiota might underlie many human
diseases, but the mechanisms that balance our microbial self during homeostasis have long …

The intestinal microbiota encompasses hundreds of bacterial species that constitute a
relatively stable ecosystem. Alteration in the microbiota composition may arise from …

Intestinal inflammation is frequently associated with an alteration of the gut microbiota,
termed dysbiosis, which is characterized by a reduced abundance of obligate anaerobic …