Although inflammatory cytokines induced by infection or vaccination with adjuvants have
long been known to stimulate optimal antigen-presenting cell function, recent evidence …

The kinetics of CD8 T cell IFN-γ responses as they occur in situ are defined here during
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infections, and a unique mechanism for the …

Within the microscopic world, there is an ongoing war between the host and foreign
invaders, and the battlefield is the immune system. When a pathogen encounters innate …

In response to acute infections or vaccines, naive antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells proliferate
and differentiate into effector cytotoxic lymphocytes that acquire the ability to kill infected …

Factors that influence T cell responses, such as Ag load, APCs, costimulatory molecules,
and cytokines, dramatically change during the course of an immune response. We observed …

Cytokines are key regulators of the immune system that shape innate and adaptive immune
responses. An adequate balance of the cytokine environment is critical to achieve protective …

Inflammatory cytokines induced by infection or vaccination with adjuvant act directly or
indirectly on CD8 T cells to modulate their expansion, contraction, and acquisition of …

Abstract Type-I IFNs (IFN-I) provide direct survival signals to T cells during Ag-driven
proliferation. Because IFN-I production differs depending on the pathogen, we assessed …

CD4+ T cells–often referred to as T-helper cells–play a central role in immune defense and
pathogenesis. Virus infections and vaccines stimulate and expand populations of antigen …

During infection, CD8+ T cells not only respond to antigenic signals through their T cell
receptor (TCR) but also incorporate inflammatory signals from cytokines produced in the …