Background: T-cell response outcome is determined by co-stimulatory/inhibitory signals.
Programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a member of these co-signaling molecules …

Objective: To explore the expression and significance in regulating immune balance of
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1, PD-L2 in allergic rhinitis …

Background Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immune checkpoint
inhibitor. Recent studies suggest that the PD-L1-mediated pathway may be a promising …

Background Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) is a negative regulator of T‐cell responses.
Expression of PD‐1 and its ligands PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal …

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are receptors that act in
co-stimulatory and coinhibitory immune responses. Signaling the PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2 …

Abstract PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway is crucial to immune regulation by controlling the balance
between T cell tolerance and activation. However, the association between PD‐1/PD‐L1 …

Inflammation is an etiological factor of various chronic diseases contributing to more than
50% of worldwide deaths. In this study, we focus on the immunosuppressive role of the …

To cite this article: Singh AK, Stock P, Akbari O. Role of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in allergic
diseases and asthma. Allergy 2011; 66: 155–162. Abstract Asthma is the result of chronic …

House dust mite (HDM) is a primary allergen in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Neutrophil
apoptosis is associated with allergic diseases and innate immunity to infection. The present …

Summary Background Targeting PD‐1/PD‐1 ligand signalling is an established treatment
option for cancer. The role of these molecules in allergic asthma has been investigated in …