The pulmonary vein is sleeved by myocardium, which is a major source of atrial fibrillation
and is involved in congenital sinus venosus defects. Little is known about the cellular origin …

The Pitx2 gene regulates left-right (L/R) asymmetrical cardiac morphogenesis. Constitutive
Pitx2 knock out (ko) mice die before birth and display, among other defects, right atrial …

Splanchnic mesoderm in the region described as the second heart field (SHF) is marked by
Islet1 expression in the mouse embryo. The anterior part of this region expresses a number …

The development of the atrial chambers in the human heart was investigated
immunohistochemically using a set of previously described antibodies. This set included the …

During heart development, 2 fast-conducting regions of working myocardium balloon out
from the slow-conducting primary myocardium of the tubular heart. Three regions of primary …

Background—Intergenic variations on chromosome 4q25, close to the PITX2 transcription
factor gene, are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We therefore tested whether adult …

The sinoatrial node, which resides at the junction of the right atrium and the superior caval
vein, contains specialized myocardial cells that initiate the heart beat. Despite this …

Background Normal development of the atria requires left-right differentiation during
embryonic development. Reduced expression of Pitx2c (paired-like homeodomain …

Background—Pitx2 is a homeobox transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in early
left/right determination during embryonic development. Pitx2 loss-of-function mouse mutants …

The homeobox gene Pitx2 has been characterized as a mediator of left-right signaling in
heart, gut, and lung morphogenesis. However, the relationship between the developmental …