Acute toxicities of five commonly used antifouling booster biocides to selected subtropical and cosmopolitan marine species
Since 1990s, various booster biocides have been increasingly used as substitutes of
organotins. However, knowledge about their toxicities on tropical/sub-tropical marine …
organotins. However, knowledge about their toxicities on tropical/sub-tropical marine …
Worldwide occurrence and effects of antifouling paint booster biocides in the aquatic environment: a review
IK Konstantinou, TA Albanis - Environment international, 2004 - Elsevier
Organic booster biocides were recently introduced as alternatives to organotin compounds
in antifouling products, after restrictions imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in 1987 …
in antifouling products, after restrictions imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in 1987 …
Ecotoxicity of organic and organo-metallic antifouling co-biocides and implications for environmental hazard and risk assessments in aquatic ecosystems
Hazard assessments of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole
(TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc …
(TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc …
Occurrence, effects and environmental risk of antifouling biocides (EU PT21): are marine ecosystems threatened?
BG de Campos, J Figueiredo, F Perina… - Critical Reviews in …, 2022 - Taylor & Francis
This review presents a comprehensive compilation of toxicological and environmental data,
further used to assess the ecological risk (ERA) of the 11 EU approved antifouling biocides …
further used to assess the ecological risk (ERA) of the 11 EU approved antifouling biocides …
Antifouling booster biocides in Latin America and the Caribbean: A 20-year review
JC Almeida, ÍB Castro, BZ Nunes… - Marine Pollution …, 2023 - Elsevier
This review summarized booster biocides studies from Latin America and the Caribbean
during the last two decades. Studies were focused on six countries, with most of them in …
during the last two decades. Studies were focused on six countries, with most of them in …
Acute and chronic toxicities of zinc pyrithione alone and in combination with copper to the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus
VWW Bao, GCS Lui, KMY Leung - Aquatic Toxicology, 2014 - Elsevier
Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is a widely used booster biocide in combination with copper (Cu) in
antifouling paints as a substitute for tributyltin. The co-occurrence of ZnPT and Cu in coastal …
antifouling paints as a substitute for tributyltin. The co-occurrence of ZnPT and Cu in coastal …
Effects of new antifouling compounds on the development of sea urchin
N Kobayashi, H Okamura - Marine pollution bulletin, 2002 - Elsevier
Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) has been used worldwide in marine antifouling paints as a biocide
for some time. However, it produced toxic effects, especially in marine water/sediment …
for some time. However, it produced toxic effects, especially in marine water/sediment …
Water quality criteria derivation and tiered ecological risk evaluation of antifouling biocides in marine environment
HW Luo, M Lin, XX Bai, B Xu, M Li, JJ Ding… - Marine Pollution …, 2023 - Elsevier
This study provides a comprehensive compilation of published toxicological and
environmental data further used to assess the ecological risks of six antifouling biocides …
environmental data further used to assess the ecological risks of six antifouling biocides …
Acute toxicity of pyrithione antifouling biocides and joint toxicity with copper to red sea bream (Pagrus major) and toy shrimp (Heptacarpus futilirostris)
K Mochida, K Ito, H Harino, A Kakuno… - … and Chemistry: An …, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
We evaluated the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of the pyrithione (PT) antifoulants
copper pyrithione (CuPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) to a teleost, red sea bream (Pagrus …
copper pyrithione (CuPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) to a teleost, red sea bream (Pagrus …
Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) as an antifouling biocide in the marine environment—a literature review of its toxicity, environmental fates, and analytical methods
ZY Soon, JH Jung, M Jang, JH Kang, MC Jang… - Water, Air, & Soil …, 2019 - Springer
Since the ban of tributyltin in antifouling paints, many alternative biocides have been
introduced to prevent settlement and growth of marine organisms on ship hulls. Zinc …
introduced to prevent settlement and growth of marine organisms on ship hulls. Zinc …