While human observational studies and animal studies report a neuroprotective role for
estrogen therapy in stroke, the multicenter placebo-controlled Women's Health Initiative …

The effect of oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on stroke incidence and severity has
been extensively debated. Clinical trials of ERT have demonstrated an increased risk of …

Estrogen has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in numerous experimental studies
involving young and adult animals. However, several clinical trials have found that in aged …

Several clinical studies suggest that estradiol acts as a potent growth and protective factor in
the adult brain. Postmenopausal women experience permanent hypoestrogenicity and …

Clinical studies demonstrate that estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
may enhance cognitive function and reduce neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's …

Epidemiological studies point to a beneficial influence of the female reproductive hormones
on stroke risk in that women have a lower incidence of stroke prior to the menopause …

Recent data from the Women's Health Initiative have highlighted many fundamental issues
about the utility and safety of long-term estrogen use in women. Current hormone …

Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women ameliorates cognitive dysfunction
and decreases the risk and/or severity of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's …

Background and Purpose—Young adult female rats sustain smaller infarcts after
experimental stroke than age-matched males. This sex difference in ischemic brain injury in …

Hormone therapy to postmenopausal females increases the risk and severity of ischemic
stroke. Our previous work using an animal model of menopause (reproductive senescence) …