Intestinal commensal bacteria induce protective and regulatory responses that maintain host-
microbial mutualism. However, the contribution of tissue-resident commensals to immunity …

The body is composed of various tissue microenvironments with finely tuned local
immunosurveillance systems, many of which are in close apposition with distinct commensal …

The large numbers of microorganisms that inhabit mammalian body surfaces have a highly
coevolved relationship with the immune system. Although many of these microbes carry out …

Commensal bacteria in the lower intestine of mammals are 10 times as numerous as the
body's cells. We investigated the relative importance of different immune mechanisms in …

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract contains a large and diverse population of commensal
bacteria and is also one of the primary sites of exposure to pathogens. How the immune …

INTRODUCTION Barrier tissues are constitutive targets of environmental stressors and are
home to a highly diverse microbiota. When the immune system encounters these …

Mammalian barrier surfaces are constitutively colonized by numerous microorganisms. We
explored how the microbiota was sensed by the immune system and the defining properties …

INTRODUCTION Although commensal microbes populate our barrier surfaces without
causing obvious disease, they nonetheless modulate host physiology and immunity …

A dense resident microbial community in the gut, referred as the commensal microbiota,
coevolved with the host and is essential for many host physiological processes that include …

Although microbes have been classically viewed as pathogens, it is now well established
that the majority of host-bacterial interactions are symbiotic. During development and into …