Rats provided limited daily access to cocaine (1 h) maintain stable levels of drug self-
administration over time while those switched to longer access (6 h or more) exhibit …

BACKGROUND: Rats given extended access to cocaine develop several symptoms of
addiction, including a gradual escalation of drug intake, whereas rats given limited access …

Increased drug availability can precipitate a rapid escalation of drug consumption in both
vulnerable humans and laboratory animals. Drug intake escalation is observed across a …

Cocaine addiction is a chronic relapsing disease with periods of chronic escalating self-
exposure, separated by periods of abstinence/withdrawal of varying duration. Few studies …

BACKGROUND: Clinical observations suggest that cocaine addiction often emerges with
new patterns of use. Whether these changes are a cause of addiction or its consequence is …

Drug addiction is a chronic disease defined by a complex set of characteristics, including
loss of control over drug intake and persistent drug craving, which primarily affects a small …

Rationale Recent evidence suggests that prolonged cocaine self-administration produces
escalation in drug-seeking behavior in rats analogous to the increased intake patterns …

When drugs enter the brain rapidly, liability for addiction is increased, but why this is the
case is not well understood. Here we examined the influence of varying the speed of …

Individual differences in locomotor responses to novelty and psychostimulants, and
sensitization following repeated drug exposure, predict increased sensitivity to the …

The transition from drug use to drug addiction is associated with a process of escalation,
whereby drug use becomes excessive and difficult to control. Several mechanisms have …