… this study, we evaluated the acute ecotoxicity of four levulinates (levulinic acid, methyl levulinate,
ethyl levulinate and butyl levulinate… As a general trend, the toxicity of levulinate esters in …

… (15) and ethyl levulinate (16) used in this study with potential … , ether and ester) groups of
each compound on its toxicity. However… of these compounds to show a higher toxicity level than …

… Ethyl levulinate (EL) is a levulinate ester with an oxygen … This will help show the CO 2
sources and sinks along the … environmental impacts such as human toxicity, water footprint and …

… in the toxicity, being the most toxic compound butyl levulinate. … Short chain esters seem to
be the least toxic solvents in the … However, toxicity studies do not show a clear improvement …

… convert biomass directly into esters.8 In this respect, further research into the production of
… Owing to the lack of reported probit models of toxicity of components considered in this work…

… toxicity and fluid dynamic stability at moderate temperatures. Moreover, up to 5 wt% of
ethyl … Nandiwale et al. also studied a series of zeolites like modified H-ZSM-5, micro/meso-HZ-5, …

… Analysing each studied family, a … in toxicity was clearly related to the length of the alkyl
chain of chemicals in the fish embryos, so the toxicity of alkyl esters in the lactate and levulinate …

… ecotoxicity information, levulinate esters were studied in 3 … Acute effective concentrations of
the levulinate esters recompiled for … For this family, the ecotoxicity of these series is correlated …

… acid was show to have low toxicity with … levulinate anion shows low toxicity in all the
three test systems employed in this work. The aquatic toxicity of other ILs varies from low for [Bet-ester…

… , regeneration, corrosivity and toxicity, reflecting some of the … In addition to high yields,
silica-based catalysts show high … of levulinate ester, particularly promising for methyl levulinate, …