… of intrathoracic metastatic patterns and their impact … lymphatic pathways and tributaries,
discuss anatomic variations in the lymphatic system and their implications for metastatic spread, …

… There are different lymphatic drainage pathways in the thorax … This pathway is also responsible
for the spread of tumor from … , but the mediastinal pathways are variable and are related …

… patterns of metastatic spread. The purpose of these articles is to provide a map of the
lymphatic drainage routes, … of drainage that are predictably present in most patients. The most …

The pathways of tumor spread through … spread of bronchogenic carcinoma is the realization
that although the normal flow of lymph in the pulmonary lymphatics is centripetal, lymphatic …

… patterns of spread. This is particularly true for the … routes of drainage, which are predictably
present in most patients; however, it cannot completely diagram the lymphatics of the thorax …

… further document its intrathoracic lymphatic vessel pathways. … All cadavers were free from
chest and intraabdominal … consideration, patterns of LN metastases are seldom predictable. A …

… node station in the process of expected metastatic spread pathway [[13], [15], [21]]. The …
spread may not affect all topographical lymph node positions. The involvement is unpredictable…

… most often spread regionally to the pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, following the
normal drainage pathways of the pelvic organs. Familiarity with routes of dissemination, …

… Depending on tumor location within the liver, metastatic cells may drain through alternate
lymphatic routes to reach the thorax. Lymphatic drainage of malignancies centered in the …

… of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes by malignant neoplasms. The availability of many …
pathways for collateral flow offers a totally unpredictable dynamic mechanism for spread of …