… role of muscles in offsetting the anterior shear forces caused by … Anterior shear forces
estimated to be acting on the lumber … However, the peak shear force that’had to be supported by …

… If we could show a substantial reduction in disc compression … the lumbar musculature than
that afforded by the single muscle … shear force on the vertebra which is important in reducing …

… of muscles with more backward directed lines of action, thereby reducing the increase in
total joint shear force. … The summed muscle force at each lumbar intervertebral disc level was …

… The compressive and shear forces predicted with the RM (F RM ) were … 5). Results
showed that the translational flexibilities significantly reduced the ligament forces in all lumbar …

… in a decrease of hydrostatic pressure in the disc followed by impaired load bearing.5,17,40 …
However, it is known that the contraction of spinal muscles produces the compressive forces …

… At the L5-S1 level, the lordotic lumbar posture caused … musculature, ~14–27%), negligible
reductions in the maximum … while ligaments produced net anterior shear forces, especially in …

… decrease in motion of the L 4 –L 5 segment due to disc … von Mises stress and shear stress
in the annulus of the L 4 –L 5 … Third, the lack of lumbar muscle is a common shortcoming in …

… disc loads and extensor muscle forces following anterior … shear stresses, however, is our
assumption that the C2–S1 … with reduced recovery and severe, residual lower back pain. …

… included the disc shear force and the posterior ligament tension. The "posterior ligament" …
of nutrients to the avascular disc and a decrease of muscle fatigue. The clinical implications of …

… shear forces and resultant joint moments were reduced as the maximum forces of deep
muscles … spine, namely bones, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and trunk muscles [1]. Although …