… Neural tube defects (NTDs) refer to a group of often severe congenital malformations of
the central nervous system (CNS) that arise from a failure in neural tube closure in the first …

… Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common, severe congenital malformations whose causation
involves multiple genes and environmental factors. Although more than 200 genes are …

… finding to emerge from this analysis has been two genetic … With regard to non-genetic factors,
failure of neural tube … number of non-genetic factors have been definitively associated with …

… Luckily, human genome research has developed rapidly, and the search for the genetic
factors that contribute to the etiology of human NTDs has evolved to mirror the increased level of …

… The neural tube defects (NTDs) anencephaly and spina bifida are among the most common
serious morphological defects diagnosed in human fetuses and newborns, with combined …

… Genetic Factors The genetic factors which cause NTDs are less clear. There are several
lines of evidence which point to a genetic component. First, empiric studies have shown that the …

… is critical for characterizing the interactions between genes and … genetic factors will likely
involve aberrant variations in genes … This finding was later corroborated by two studies. Nakatsu …

… genes regulating normal development of the neural tube have not been delineated definitively
and therefore one does not know what genes to look for … indicates that genetic factors that …

… of neural tube closure during early development. Their etiology is quite complex involving
environmental and genetic factors … folate-related genes based on the finding that perinatal folic …

… Human NTDs are multifactorial, with contributions from both genetic and environmental
factors. The genetic basis is not yet well understood, but several nongenetic risk …