Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease, which is characterized by gingival
inflammation and bone loss. Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in
periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical …

Background Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS) is one of the
major pathogenic factors of chronic periodontitis (CP). Few reports on the correlation …

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the
pathogenesis of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that destroys the tissues supporting …

The hypoxic microenvironment, continuous oxygen consumption, and poor excitation light
penetration depth during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) tremendously hinder …

Toll-like receptors play a critical role in innate immunity by detecting invading pathogens.
The ability of TLRs to engage different intracellular signaling molecules and cross-talk with …

Most commensal and pathogenic bacteria interacting with eukaryotic hosts express
adhesive molecules on their surfaces that promote interaction with host cell receptors or with …

In the arms race of host–microbe co-evolution, successful microbial pathogens have evolved
ingenious ways to evade host immune responses. In this Review, we focus on'crosstalk …

For almost two decades, the Th1/Th2 paradigm has offered a productive conceptual
framework for investigating the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, as with many other …

A hallmark of infection with the gram‐negative pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is the
induction of a chronic inflammatory response. P. gingivalis induces a local chronic …