The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major functional barrier in the central nervous system
(CNS), and inhibits the extravasation of intravascular contents and transports various …

There is ample empirical evidence to support the notion that the biological impacts of
estrogen extend beyond the gonads to other bodily systems, including the brain and …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has historically been viewed as a primarily male problem, since
men are more likely to experience a TBI because of more frequent participation in activities …

Current literature has consistently demonstrated that headache, in particular migraine, is
more prevalent in women as compared with men, specifically during reproductive years …

Head trauma is the most common cause of disability in young adults. Known as a silent
epidemic, it can cause a mosaic of symptoms, whether neurological (sensory–motor …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is acquired from an external force, which can inflict devastating
effects to the brain vasculature and neighboring neuronal cells. Disruption of vasculature is …

Ischemic stroke, which induces oxidative stress in the brain, disrupts tight junctions (TJs)
between brain endothelial cells, resulting in blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and brain …

Secondary brain damage following initial brain damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a
major cause of adverse outcomes. There are many gaps in TBI research and a lack of …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients sustain significant functional impairments; this is causally
related to restricted neuronal regeneration after injury. The ensuing reactive gliosis …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with devastating neurological deficits affecting more
than 11,000 Americans each year. Although several therapeutic agents have been …