The germinal centre (GC) response is critical for the generation of affinity-matured plasma
cells and memory B cells capable of mediating long-term protective immunity …

Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the
human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we …

Understanding how antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 evolve during infection may
provide important insight into therapeutic approaches and vaccination for COVID-19. Here …

Long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) are a persistent and essential source of
protective antibodies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 have …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million
individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly in Manaus,
the capital of Amazonas state in northern Brazil. The attack rate there is an estimate of the …

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in most infected individuals 10–15 d
after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. However, due to the recent emergence of SARS …

Vaccines are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic and to help the return to pre-pandemic normalcy. A great many vaccine …

Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of
protection against reinfection and, thus, for public health policy and vaccine development for …

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified member of the coronavirus family that has caused the
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This rapidly evolving and unrelenting …