Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops, feeding half of the world's
population. However, rice production is affected by cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Due to an …

Hyperaccumulators concentrate trace metals and heavy metals in their shoots when grown
in metal-contaminated soils and these trace metal-loaded plants may be removed by …

Plants experience oxidative stress upon exposure to heavy metals that leads to cellular
damage. In addition, plants accumulate metal ions that disturb cellular ionic homeostasis. To …

The relationship between cellular redox imbalances leading to oxidative stress and metal
toxicity in plants has been studied intensely over the past decades. This interdependency …

The metalloid arsenic and the heavy metal cadmium have no demonstrated biological
function in plants. Both elements are highly toxic and of major concern with respect to their …

The rapid increase in the contamination of the environment by toxic metals (TMs) and
metalloids is posing serious threats to biotic communities. Plants are among the organisms …

Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal (loid) s via
SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal (loid) …

Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (eg mining,
agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their …

Sulphur (S) assimilation leads to the formation of glutathione (GSH) and alleviation of
cadmium (Cd) stress. GSH is synthesized from its immediate metabolite cysteine, which also …

Purpose The term “phytotechnologies” refers to the application of science and engineering
to provide solutions involving plants, including phytoremediation options using plants and …