Research indicates that after advanced age, the major risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's
disease (AD) is female sex. Out of every three AD patients, two are females with …

In recent years there has been a growing body of clinical and laboratory evidence
demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone after traumatic brain …

Blood brain barrier dysfunction (BBB) causing edema and hemorrhagic transformation is
one of the pathophysiological characteristics of stroke. Protection of BBB integrity have …

Plant exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have shown great potential in treating tumor and
inflammatory diseases, but the neuroprotective effect of plant ELNs remains unknown. In the …

Neurological disorders are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. The
pathology of injuries and disease processes includes a cascade of events that often involve …

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathogenesis. Reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formed in excess after TBI …

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) has a restrictive therapeutic window within 4.5 h after
ischemic stroke with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and neurotoxicity when it is …

Among the estrogens that are biosynthesized in the human body, 17β-estradiol (estradiol or
E2) is the most common and the best estrogen for neuroprotection in animal models of the …

Patients surviving traumatic brain injury (TBI) face numerous neurological and
neuropsychological problems significantly affecting their quality of life. Extensive studies …

Estrogens can alter the biology of various tissues and organs, including the brain, and thus
play an essential role in modulating homeostasis. Despite its traditional role in reproduction …