The nature of the transition from acute to chronic pain still eludes explanation, but chronic
pain resulting from surgery provides a natural experiment that invites clinical …

Preclinical studies coupled with clinical pharmacologic and neuroimaging investigations
have advanced our understanding of brain circuits that modulate pain. Descending pain …

It has long been appreciated that the experience of pain is highly variable between
individuals. Pain results from activation of sensory receptors specialized to detect actual or …

Fibromyalgia is a common cause of chronic widespread pain, characterized by reduced
pressure pain thresholds with hyperalgesia and allodynia. In addition to pain, common …

Antidepressants are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical classes for the
treatment of psychiatric conditions. They act via modulation of brain monoaminergic …

The locus coeruleus (LC) projects throughout the brain and spinal cord and is the major
source of central noradrenaline. It remains unclear whether the LC acts functionally as a …

The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is the location of the first synapse in pain pathways, and
as such, offers a very powerful target for regulation of nociceptive transmission by both local …

Acute pain induces depressed mood, and chronic pain is known to cause depression.
Depression, meanwhile, can also adversely affect pain behaviors ranging from …

The locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic system is the main source of noradrenaline in the
central nervous system and is involved intensively in modulating pain and stress-related …

Background: Exercise is an effective treatment for various chronic pain disorders, including
fibromyalgia, chronic neck pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic low back …