Heavy metal (HM) stress in plants has received considerable global attention as it threatens
sustainable growth in agriculture worldwide. Hence, desperate efforts have been …

Heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) are environmental pollutants, most notably cadmium,
lead, arsenic, mercury, and chromium. When HMs accumulate to toxic levels in agricultural …

Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids (hereinafter referred to as trace
metals) from the soil, some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations …

Heavy metal (HM)-mediated toxic effects on plants have attained considerable attention
worldwide as they directly threaten the food supply chain. Although various measures have …

Heavy metal (HM) stress is threatening agricultural crops, ecological systems, and human
health worldwide. HM toxicity adversely affects plant growth, physiological processes, and …

Arsenic is a well-known element because of its toxicity. Humans as well as plants and
animals are negatively affected by its exposure. Some countries suffer from high levels of …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial for the plant growth under heavy metal
stress. Such beneficial effect is improved by elevated CO 2 (eCO 2). However, the …

Bacterial-assisted phytoextraction is an attractive strategy to enhance the phytoremediation
efficiency of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soils. In the present study, we investigated the …

Expeditious industrial development has prompted the upraised production and release of
colossal amounts of various heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids in the environment. Heavy …

Increasing global food production is threatened by harsh environmental conditions along
with biotic stresses, requiring massive new research into integrated stress resistance in …