Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

Neuronal dysfunction initiates several intracellular signaling cascades to release different
proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as various reactive oxygen species. In …

The transfer of antigens from oligodendrocytes to immune cells has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we show that oligodendrocytes secrete small …

The discovery of mammalian TLRs (Toll-like receptors), first identified in 1997 based on their
homology with Drosophila Toll, greatly altered our understanding of how the innate immune …

Microglia are key players of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and,
being the resident innate immune cells, they are responsible for the early control of …

Consumption of dietary fats is amongst the most important environmental factors leading to
obesity. In rodents, the consumption of fat-rich diets blunts leptin and insulin anorexigenic …

The inflammatory process has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). Recent studies indicate that inflammation is not merely a bystander in …

Brain abscess (BA) is defined as a focal infection within the brain parenchyma, which starts
as a localized area of cerebritis, which is subsequently converted into a collection of pus …

Pathogen and nutrient response pathways are evolutionarily conserved and highly
integrated to regulate metabolic and immune homeostasis. Excessive nutrients can be …

Epigenetics and epigenomic medicine encompass a new science of brain and behavior that
are already providing unique insights into the mechanisms underlying brain development …