Microglia are emerging as critical regulators of neuronal function and behavior in nearly
every area of neuroscience. Initial reports focused on classical immune functions of …

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues,
followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment …

Microglia are the main immune cells of the brain and contribute to common brain diseases.
However, it is unclear how microglia influence neuronal activity and survival in the injured …

MRI-guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) combined with systemic infusion of
ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles (MB) causes localized blood–brain barrier (BBB) …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), constituted by an extensive network of endothelial cells (ECs)
together with neurons and glial cells, including microglia, forms the neurovascular unit …

Intestinal microbiota are critical for health with changes associated with diverse human
diseases. Research suggests that altered intestinal microbiota can profoundly affect brain …

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and currently lacks effective therapy enabling long-
term functional recovery. Ischemic brain injury causes local inflammation, which involves …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that broadly affect cellular and
physiological function in all multicellular organisms. Here, the role of miRNAs in …

Abstract Coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are a group of
viruses that cause infections in the human respiratory tract, which can be characterized …

Cytokines are molecules secreted by peripheral immune cells, microglia, astrocytes and
neurons in the central nervous system. Peripheral or central inflammation is characterized …