Comprehensive constitutional genetic and epigenetic characterization of Lynch-like individuals

E Dámaso, M González-Acosta, G Vargas-Parra… - Cancers, 2020 - mdpi.com
E Dámaso, M González-Acosta, G Vargas-Parra, M Navarro, J Balmaña, T Ramon y Cajal…
Cancers, 2020mdpi.com
The causal mechanism for cancer predisposition in Lynch-like syndrome (LLS) remains
unknown. Our aim was to elucidate the constitutional basis of mismatch repair (MMR)
deficiency in LLS patients throughout a comprehensive (epi) genetic analysis. One hundred
and fifteen LLS patients harboring MMR-deficient tumors and no germline MMR mutations
were included. Mutational analysis of 26 colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated genes was
performed. Pathogenicity of MMR variants was assessed by splicing and multifactorial …
The causal mechanism for cancer predisposition in Lynch-like syndrome (LLS) remains unknown. Our aim was to elucidate the constitutional basis of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in LLS patients throughout a comprehensive (epi)genetic analysis. One hundred and fifteen LLS patients harboring MMR-deficient tumors and no germline MMR mutations were included. Mutational analysis of 26 colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated genes was performed. Pathogenicity of MMR variants was assessed by splicing and multifactorial likelihood analyses. Genome-wide methylome analysis was performed by the Infinium Human Methylation 450K Bead Chip. The multigene panel analysis revealed the presence of two MMR gene truncating mutations not previously found. Of a total of 15 additional MMR variants identified, five -present in 6 unrelated individuals- were reclassified as pathogenic. In addition, 13 predicted deleterious variants in other CRC-predisposing genes were found in 12 probands. Methylome analysis detected one constitutional MLH1 epimutation, but no additional differentially methylated regions were identified in LLS compared to LS patients or cancer-free individuals. In conclusion, the use of an ad-hoc designed gene panel combined with pathogenicity assessment of variants allowed the identification of deleterious MMR mutations as well as new LLS candidate causal genes. Constitutional epimutations in non-LS-associated genes are not responsible for LLS.
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