Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify variables at diagnosis to predict the subsequent relapse in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 33 patients with TA in our hospitals from April 2000 to July 2015. We collected baseline variables at diagnosis including clinical symptoms and laboratory data using medical records and investigated associations of these indices with subsequent relapses.

Results: The patients included two males and 31 females (94%). The median age at diagnosis was 39 years old, and the median follow-up duration was 90 months. Relapse was noted in 18 patients (55%). Only lower total cholesterol (Tcho) [median, 117 mg/dL (relapse) vs. 182 mg/dL (nonrelapse)] was preferentially distributed in the relapse group as compared with the non-relapse group. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that hypocholesterolemia (<150 mg/dL) at diagnosis was the only predictor of subsequent relapse (odds ratio: 5.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–30.19; p = 0.035). The nonrelapse survival rate was significantly lower in the group with a Tcho level <150 mg/dL by Kaplan–Meier estimate (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: We found that hypocholesterolemia at diagnosis is a predictor of subsequent relapse in patients with TA.