The primary objectives of this study were to follow the temporal patterns of testicular LH and FSH receptor (LH-R and FSH-R) concentrations and affinity (K _a ) during sexual maturation in bulls and to see if such patterns could help explain the control of rapid testicular growth that occurs after 25 weeks of age, when serum gonadotropin concentrations are low. Separate groups of Hereford × Charolais calves ( n = 6) were castrated every 4 weeks from 5 to 33 weeks of age and at 56 weeks of age. A week prior to castrations, from 5 to 33 weeks of age, blood was collected every 15 min for 10 h. The transition from indifferent supporting cells to Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules was rapid between 13 and 25 weeks and rapid testis growth occurred after 25 weeks of age. Serum LH and FSH concentrations were transiently elevated at 12 weeks of age ( P < 0.05). LH-R concentrations decreased from 13 to 25 weeks of age and increased to 56 weeks of age ( P < 0.05). LH-RK _a decreased from 9 to 17 weeks of age, increased to 29 weeks of age and declined to 33 weeks of age ( P < 0.05). FSH-R concentrations declined from 17 to 25 weeks of age then increased to 56 weeks of age ( P < 0.05). FSH-RK _a increased from 17 to 25 weeks of age ( P < 0.05). High concentrations of gonadotropins and their receptors may be critical to initiate testis growth postnatally and support it after 25 weeks of age in the face of low serum gonadotropin concentrations.