Introduction High-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in infants is associated with congenital
renal abnormalities, recurrent UTI, and bladder dysfunction. Endoscopic treatment (ET) is a
well-established method in children with low to moderate reflux grades, but there is a lack of
randomised controlled trials regarding the use of ET versus continuous antibiotic
prophylaxis in infants with high-grade VUR. Objective This study aimed to determine
whether high-grade VUR in infants can be treated with endoscopic injection and whether ET …