The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles from eukaryotes has gained strong interest
in recent years. However, research into the therapeutic application of their bacterial …

Vaccines have been highly successful in the management of many diseases. However,
there are still numerous illnesses, both infectious and noncommunicable, for which there are …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for
the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are particles secreted by bacteria with diameter of 20-
400 nm. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on the surface of …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are closed spherical nanostructures that are shed
naturally and ubiquitously by most bacterial species both in vivo and in vitro. Researchers …

Research on bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) is an emerging topic, and the goal is to
address whether BMVs can bring translational tools to improve current therapies. In this …

Bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs)
during their normal growth. Gram-negative bacteria produce BMVs termed outer membrane …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are cupped-shaped structures formed by bacteria in
response to environmental stress, genetic alteration, antibiotic exposure, and others. Due to …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced by Gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and
in vivo. OMVs are nano-sized spherical vehicles formed by lipid bilayer membranes and …

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are nano-sized, lipid membrane-delimited particles
filled with bacteria-derived components. They have important roles in the physiology and …