BACKGROUND: Gender differences in passive frontal plane knee stiffness may contribute to
the increased anterior cruciate ligament injury rate in females. Gender-based stiffness …

Background Torsional joint stiffness is thought to play a role in the observed sex bias in
noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates. Hypothesis Women will exhibit lower …

BACKGROUND: Researchers have theorized that the disproportionate number of anterior
cruciate ligament injuries in females, as compared to males, may be related to knee laxity …

Background In many sports, female athletes have a higher incidence of anterior cruciate
ligament injury than do male athletes. Among many risk factors, the lower rotatory joint …

Cyclic variations in genu recurvatum (GR), general joint laxity (GJL), varus–valgus (VV), and
internal–external (IER) rotational laxities and stiffnesses were examined in 64 females and …

The effects of the menstrual cycle and sex hormones on knee kinematics remain unclear.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the menstrual cycle and serum sex …

Background. Females experience a disproportionate number of anterior cruciate ligament
injuries compared to males. Increased estradiol concentration has been suggested to alter …

Background: Women's susceptibility to injuries involving the anterior cruciate ligament
remains unexplained. Volitional contraction of the knee musculature is known to increase …

Background: Gender differences exist in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cross-sectional
area and lateral tibial slope. Biomechanical principles suggest that the direction of these …

Aim To elucidate the hormonal influences on sex differences in knee joint behavior, normal-
menstruating females were compared to males on serum hormone levels and anterior knee …