In this article, we review and analyze different modes of exposure to ultrafine particles in
order to assess particle-induced inflammatory responses and the underlying mechanisms in …

Background Exposure to ultrafine particles exerts diverse harmful effects including
aggravation of pulmonary diseases like asthma. Recently we demonstrated in a mouse …

We are continuously exposed to large numbers of nonbiological, persistent particulates
through dermal, oral and inhalation routes. At sizes perfect for cell interactions, such modern …

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is leading to various respiratory health outcomes.
Compared to coarse and fine particles, less is known about the effects of chronic exposure …

Several studies have shown that particles of smaller size may be more potent than larger to
induce inflammatory and toxic responses in cultured lung cells. However, the relative …

Alveolar macrophages (AM) are part of the innate immunological defense system and are
among the first cells to respond to the effects of inhaled particles. Study of macrophage …

In recent years evidence has accumulated indicating that airborne particles cause adverse
health effects. To understand the underlying mechanisms, a multitude of in vitro studies have …

Increasingly, evidence suggests a role for a systemic procoagulant state in the pathogenesis
of cardiac dysfunction subsequent to inhalation of airborne particulate matter. The authors …

Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air
pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular events but the exact mechanism by which PM …

Short-term exposure to elevated levels of particulate matter is associated with increased
respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms …